search the articles directory
old Protocols articles
The HTTP Request and Response Codes - ...amples of the sorts of data they may contain.
The HTTP Request
After opening a connection to the intended serv...
INFRASTRUCTURE PROTOCOLS AND APPLICATIONS - ...nbsp; defines communication over IP-based local area networks (LANs). A later version (v2), adopted in January 1998, extended it over wide are...
Wireless IN Services - ...to services can then be restricted to the user whose voice (phrase)
has been used to train the recognition device.
Voice-Based Featur...
Wireless LAN and Personal Area Network - ...outside over small areas. Another important development is the Personal Area Network, also known as Bluetooth. Let’s take a look at each of th...
The Domain Concept - ...ck of who is allowed to log on, who is logged on, and what each person is allowed to do on the network. When you log onto the domain with your PC,...
Duplexing Techniques in Wireless communication systems - ... systems soon appeared, in which forward link and reverse link shared
the same channel. Access control was performed on a push-to-talk basis wit...
Wireless Networks (WiFi or 802.11) - ...day has WiFi built in. You can also add it to a desktop in the form of a wireless card or USB adapter; either way, you gain a little antenna. Once...
VPN and Tunneling Protocols - ...rds and protocols. We discuss the most common ones here.
IPSec
IPSec is the most widely acknowledged, supported, and standardize...
MOBILE ELECTRONIC MAIL - ...ail messaging is probably the best single reason for users to get connected to the Internet. There were over 400 million email account u...
RADIUS Related Tools - ...rce. The home page (http://www.radius.cistron.nl/) contains more information.
...
PERSONALIZED COMMUNICATIONS - ...cations by increasing a user’s ability to access personal data while mobile. We’ve all experienced situations where some small piece of ...
Alternative VPN Implementations - ...on mechanism is pretty similar to the PPP, but cIPe does encapsulate transmitted IP packets within UDP datagrams. The development of cIPe was focu...
SNMP risks and security - ... via a string known as a community name. This community name works very much like a password. UNIX hosts often ship with an SNMP agent enabled by ...
IPSec Protocols Operations and Modes Overview - ...g multiple vendors, suppliers, and customers.
The IP Security Protocol Working Group develops mechanisms for protection of IP traffic thro...
DHCP with IPv6 - ...ith the prefix information for the links to which they are attached. But you might still choose to have DHCP servers in some cases. Host configura...
RADIUS Vulnerabilities - ...ttacks can be summarized into the following categories:
Brute-forcing of user credentials
Denial of serv...
DNS in the IPv6 world - ...with its IPv6 address. A new DNS record type has been defined for IPv6 hosts. RFC 3596 defines the AAAA type record (called "quad-A"). RFC 2874 de...
DNS risks and security - ...DNS servers when they want to communicate with systems for which they have only the fully qualified hostname (for example, myserver.mybitofthenet....
FTP with IPv6 - ...
The RFC specifies two new FTP commands to replace the PORT and PASV commands from the earlier FTP specification (RFC 959). The PORT comma...
THE WEB APPLICATION ARCHITECTURE - ...ing) is that they rely substantially on the technology popularized by the World Wide Web, the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), and its primary tran...
History of the Internet - ...aring and electronic mail. It didn’t take long, however, for DARPA to real...
Internet Protocol - ...d, usually, user data.) The equipment —that is, routers—that encounter these packets, strip off and examine the headers that contain the s...
Transmission Control Protocol - ...P suite. These features describe a connection-oriented process of communication establishment.
There are many components that result in TCP&r...
Internet Control Message Protocol ICMP - ... process. The messages are encapsulated in IP datagrams, which are encapsulated in frames, as they travel across the Internet. Basically, ICMP uses th...
SMTP - ...eard of. Its history of security problems is well known. It could be the most maligned UNIX software ever written. With that reputation, it should...
Network File System NFS - ...erver process. In fact, they require mountd, statd, and lockd. These daemons have had a plethora of problems— especially statd.
NFS is...
latest articles under "Protocols"
Navigation: Categories » Electronics and communication » Protocols
Below is a list of all Protocols articles. If you want to find a tutorial by keywords, all you have to do is a quick search in our directory. Just use the search option. The website search is powered by Google. But, if you want to read specific Protocols tutorial, just point to it. The newest articles and tutorials are shown first in the list. To access the last ones, browse the pages 2, 3, 4... at the bottom.
Page# 1 2 (last added articles shown first)
Enter page# 1 2 (last added articles shown first)
Below is a list of all Protocols articles. If you want to find a tutorial by keywords, all you have to do is a quick search in our directory. Just use the search option. The website search is powered by Google. But, if you want to read specific Protocols tutorial, just point to it. The newest articles and tutorials are shown first in the list. To access the last ones, browse the pages 2, 3, 4... at the bottom.
Page# 1 2 (last added articles shown first)
Limitations of IPv4 (01/05/2009)
... With more computers and devices using IP, there is a need for a simpler and more automatic configuration of addresses and other configuration settings that do not rely on the administration of a DHCP infrastructure...
... With more computers and devices using IP, there is a need for a simpler and more automatic configuration of addresses and other configuration settings that do not rely on the administration of a DHCP infrastructure...
Features of IPv6 (01/05/2009)
...4 × 1038 possible combinations, the large address space of IPv6 has been designed to allow for multiple levels of subnetting and address allocation, from the Internet backbone to the individual subnets within an organization...
...4 × 1038 possible combinations, the large address space of IPv6 has been designed to allow for multiple levels of subnetting and address allocation, from the Internet backbone to the individual subnets within an organization...
IPv6 Routing Protocols (01/05/2009)
... A network administrator, with knowledge of the network topology, manually builds and updates the routing table, entering all routes in the routing table...
... A network administrator, with knowledge of the network topology, manually builds and updates the routing table, entering all routes in the routing table...
NAS Caveats (11/08/2008)
... The monolithic nature of their databases can therefore force all traffic into a single path or device creating a performance bottleneck and recovery problem if the storage device or path is encumbered in any way...
... The monolithic nature of their databases can therefore force all traffic into a single path or device creating a performance bottleneck and recovery problem if the storage device or path is encumbered in any way...
Caveats for SAN (11/08/2008)
... I/O functions must extend into the fabric itself and operate through Fibre Channel software, storage software, and device micro-code, all being remote to the server...
... I/O functions must extend into the fabric itself and operate through Fibre Channel software, storage software, and device micro-code, all being remote to the server...
The Most Common Types of Voice Messages (09/18/2008)
... In these instances, you can use outbound interactive voice messages to identify the right party and then automatically direct connect the call to a call center agent...
... In these instances, you can use outbound interactive voice messages to identify the right party and then automatically direct connect the call to a call center agent...
Fundamentals of Networking (01/04/2008)
... TCP: Transmission Control Protocol When using the TCP protocol in networking, you are first required to create a connection to another computer...
... TCP: Transmission Control Protocol When using the TCP protocol in networking, you are first required to create a connection to another computer...
IPv4 vs IPv6: Comparison (11/24/2007)
... A DNS resolver running on a dual-stack host must be capable of resolving both IPv4 and IPv6 address types...
... A DNS resolver running on a dual-stack host must be capable of resolving both IPv4 and IPv6 address types...
IPv6 Integration Scenarios (11/24/2007)
... If you have a public IPv4 address and want access to the IPv6 Internet, 6to4 or a Tunnel Broker can be used...
... If you have a public IPv4 address and want access to the IPv6 Internet, 6to4 or a Tunnel Broker can be used...
General IPv6 Security Practices (10/04/2007)
... Accounting The act of collecting information on resource usage...
... Accounting The act of collecting information on resource usage...
IPsec Basics (10/04/2007)
... Changes have been made to address new IPsec scenarios, improve performance, and simplify implementation...
... Changes have been made to address new IPsec scenarios, improve performance, and simplify implementation...
What is New in IPv6 (09/30/2007)
... Using this prefix information, it can autoconfigure for one or more valid global IP addresses by using either its MAC identifier or a private random number to build a unique IP address...
... Using this prefix information, it can autoconfigure for one or more valid global IP addresses by using either its MAC identifier or a private random number to build a unique IP address...
Common Misconceptions about IPv6 (09/27/2007)
... IPv6 has been implemented in most router and operating systems for almost a decade, and has been tested and optimized extensively...
... IPv6 has been implemented in most router and operating systems for almost a decade, and has been tested and optimized extensively...
When to switch to IPv6 (09/23/2007)
... You want to prepare your network for applications that are based on advanced features of IPv6...
... You want to prepare your network for applications that are based on advanced features of IPv6...
AAA Overview (09/12/2007)
... You use the method list to define the types of authentication you want to be performed and the sequence in which you want them to be performed...
... You use the method list to define the types of authentication you want to be performed and the sequence in which you want them to be performed...
Enterprise Security Models for IPv6 (09/11/2007)
...txt, "IPv6 Network Architecture Protection" (NAP)...
...txt, "IPv6 Network Architecture Protection" (NAP)...
PPP Overview (09/10/2007)
... Cisco supports the following PPP framing types for different interfaces: Asynchronous interfaces (modems) AHDLC framing Synchronous interfaces (serial or ISDN) Bit-synchronous framing Virtual terminal (vty) connections via synchronous interface V...
... Cisco supports the following PPP framing types for different interfaces: Asynchronous interfaces (modems) AHDLC framing Synchronous interfaces (serial or ISDN) Bit-synchronous framing Virtual terminal (vty) connections via synchronous interface V...
ADSL Overview (09/10/2007)
... From the NID, the loop is connected to a splitter device in the central office that splits off voice traffic and routes it to the PSTN...
... From the NID, the loop is connected to a splitter device in the central office that splits off voice traffic and routes it to the PSTN...
NAT Operation (09/09/2007)
... Dynamic NAT is usually accomplished with the assistance of a pool or a range of addresses that you configure on your NAT device...
... Dynamic NAT is usually accomplished with the assistance of a pool or a range of addresses that you configure on your NAT device...
ISDN Overview (09/04/2007)
... The table below demonstrates how ISDN compares to a few of these forms of communication...
... The table below demonstrates how ISDN compares to a few of these forms of communication...
Dial on demand routing (DDR) (08/30/2007)
... For instance, an idle timer disconnects a call when no traffic has been transmitted for a predetermined period of time...
... For instance, an idle timer disconnects a call when no traffic has been transmitted for a predetermined period of time...
What Is TCP/IP (07/26/2007)
... The services that a given layer performs are defined by the protocols at that layer...
... The services that a given layer performs are defined by the protocols at that layer...
Internet Security Fundamentals (07/26/2007)
... Methods of Authentication Although you might not realize it, you are constantly being authenticated...
... Methods of Authentication Although you might not realize it, you are constantly being authenticated...
Application Level Protocols (07/22/2007)
...) The table below shows some commonly recognized ports and the applications typically bound to them...
...) The table below shows some commonly recognized ports and the applications typically bound to them...
FTP in UNIX/LINUX (07/19/2007)
... Standard routers don't normally offer this level of sophistication, which means that network administrators have to implement very relaxed ACLs...
... Standard routers don't normally offer this level of sophistication, which means that network administrators have to implement very relaxed ACLs...
Strange and Offbeat Spoofing Attacks (07/18/2007)
...) There are severe limitations to this type of attack...
...) There are severe limitations to this type of attack...
QoS Basics (07/16/2007)
... Integrated Services The Integrated Services Architecture (IntServ) is based on the paradigm that bandwidth and all related resources per flow are reserved on an end-to-end basis...
... Integrated Services The Integrated Services Architecture (IntServ) is based on the paradigm that bandwidth and all related resources per flow are reserved on an end-to-end basis...
Enter page# 1 2 (last added articles shown first)