Searching your computer in Windows XP wasn't a terrible experience, but no one raved about it, either. First there was Microsoft's inexplicable decision to ship XP with the Indexing service turned off by default. Without the Indexing service, search was next-to-useless in XP, but turning it on required several relatively obscure clicks in the Search Companion. Even with the Indexing service running, searches that included entire partitions could take a frustratingly long time to complete.

Microsoft's goal in Vista is to make search a truly useful tool that provides complete results quickly. Did they succeed? For the most part, yes. The Windows Search service is started by default, which all by itself is a big improvement over XP. On the downside, it can still take Vista an absurdly long time to search, say, all of drive C:. However, that's because Windows Search does not index the entire drive. Instead, it just indexes the following:

• Your user folder, which includes not only Documents, Music, and Pictures but also Contacts, Favorites, and the hidden AppData folder, which stores application data such as your Windows Mail messages

• Your offline files

• Your Start menu contents

If you're searching for documents in any of these locations, Vista searches are lightning quick.

Note that you can control what Window Search indexes and force a rebuild of the index by selecting Start, Control Panel, System and Maintenance, Indexing Options. This displays a dialog box. To customize the search engine, you have two choices:

• Modify Click this button to display the Indexed Locations dialog box, which enables you to change the locations included in the index. Activate the check box for each drive or folder you want to include.

• Advanced Click this button to display the Advanced Options dialog box, which enables you to specify the file types (extensions) that you want to include in or exclude from the index. Note that for each file type you can tell Windows Vista to include in the index either just the metadata for documents of that type, or both the metadata and the contents (the latter is the default).You can also click Rebuild to re-create the index.

Vista's searching interface is also radically different from XP's simple but forgettable Search Companion. The most obviousand, for simple searches, certainly the most usefulinnovation is the Instant Search box on the Vista Start menu. As you type characters in the Instant Search box, the Start menu replaces the list of pinned and recently used programs with a new list that displays the following search links:

• A list of programs with names that include the typed characters.

• A list of files (documents) with content or metadata that include the typed characters.

• Other datasuch as Contacts and email messageswith content or metadata that includes the typed characters.

• A Search the Computer link.

• A Search the Internet link.

If you see the program or file you want, click it to open it. Otherwise, you can click Search the Computer to see the complete list of matches from the files in your user profile. If you prefer to search the Web for your text, click the Search the Internet link instead.

You can also perform these as-you-type searches in any folder by using the Instant Search box that appears in every Explorer window. As you type, Explorer displays those files in the current folder with names or metadata that matches your search text.. You also get two options for continuing the search, and you can see those options by pulling down the Instant Search box menu:

• Search the Computer Click this link (or press Alt+Enter) to extend the search to all the folders in your user profile.

• Search the Internet Click this link (or press Shift+Enter) to extend the search to the Internet.

Advanced Searches

As-you-type searches are handy and fast, but they tend to return too many results because they look for your search text in documents' metadata and contents. However, to find what you're looking for in a hard disk with dozens or even hundreds of gigabytes of data and many thousands of files, you need a more sophisticated approach. Windows Vista can help here, too.

In any folder window, pull down the Instant Search box menu and click Search Pane (or select Organize, Layout, Search Pane) to add the Search pane.

Vista assumes that you want to search by file type, so click one of the displayed types: All Kinds (matches any file type), E-mails, Documents, Pictures, or Music. You can also click the More Kinds button (>>) to display a much longer list of document types

To modify the search location, either type a new path in the Search In text box, or pull down the In list and click a default location. You can also click Choose Search Locations to display the Choose Search Locations dialog box. The bottom part of the dialog box tells you the locations that are included in the search. You have three ways to modify these locations:

• To add a folder, activate the check box beside the folder in the Change Selected Locations list.
  
  
• To add any path, type it in the Or Type a Location Here text box, and then click Add.
  
  
• To remove a folder, deactivate the check box beside the folder in the Change Selected Locations list.
  

Finally, you can add metadata filters that specify the properties in which you want Vista to look and how you want it to look there. Click Show Advanced Filters to add a filter to the search criteria. The filter includes three fields:

• Property Pull down this list to select the property you want to use.

• Operator Pull down this list to specify the comparison operator you want to use (for example, Is, Is Not, Starts With, Ends With, Contains, Doesn't Contain, <, and >).

• Value Use this text box to specify the text you want to use for the filter.

For even more sophisticated searches, you can combine multiple filters using Boolean operators. After creating your first filter, pull down the where list, select Add another Filter, and then select one of the following:

• And (AND) Choose this option to tell Vista to match files that meet all of your filter criteria. Note that this is the default choice, and Windows Vista automatically adds this type of filter when you run your initial metadata search.

• Also Search For (OR) Choose this option to tell Vista to match files that meet at least one of your filter criteria.

• And Not (AND NOT) Choose this option to tell Vista to match files that do not meet the filter criteria.

Saving Searches

After taking all that time to get a search just right, it would be a real pain if you had to repeat the entire procedure to run the same search later. Fortunately, Windows Vista takes pity on searchers by enabling you to save your searches and rerun them anytime you like. After you run a search, you save it by clicking the Save Search button in the task pane. In the Save As dialog box that appears, type a name for the search and click Save.

Vista saves your searches in the Searches folder, appropriately enough. To rerun a search, click the Searches folder in the Navigation pane and then double-click the search.

Windows Mail Searches

One of the nicest features in the new Windows Mail program (second only to the sorely needed junk mail filter) is as-you-type searching within Windows Mail folders. As in the Explorer window, the Mail window has a search box in the upper-right corner. Type your search text in this box (you can press Ctrl+E to select it), and Mail filters the message list to show only those messages that contain the search text in the From, To, or Cc fields; the subject line; or the body text.