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1. What are Cell Sites
Acellular system operates by dividing a large geographic service area into cells and assigning the same frequencies to multiple, nonadjacent cells. This is known in the industry as “frequency reuse.” As a subscriber travels across the service area, the call is transferred (handed off) from one cell to another without noticeable interruption. All the base stations in a cellular system, including radio towers, are connected to a mobile telephone switching office (MTSO) by landline or microwave links. The MT...

2. Short Introduction in Cellular Data Communications
One of the oldest services for sending data over a cellular communications network is known as “Cellular Digital Packet Data” (CDPD), which provides a way of passing Internet Protocol (IP) data packets over analog cellular voice networks at speeds of up to 19.2 kbps. Although CDPD employs digital modulation and signal processing techniques, the underlying service is still analog. The medium used to transport data consists of the idle radio channels typically used for Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) cel...

3. What is Code Division Multiple Access and its Features and Options
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) is a spread-spectrum technology that is used for implementing cellular telephone service. Spread spectrum is a family of digital communication techniques originally used in military communications and control applications. Spread spectrum uses carrier waves that consume a much wider bandwidth than that required for simple point-to-point communication at the same data rate. This results in the carrier wave looking more like random noise than real communication between a sender and r...

4. Which are the basic Features and Options of a mobile phone
Cellular telephones offer many features and options, including Voice activation Sometimes called “hands-free operation,” this feature allows the user to establish and answer calls by issuing verbal commands. This safety feature enables a driver to control the unit without becoming visually distracted. Memory functions These allow storage of frequently called numbers to simplify dialing. Units may offer as few as 10 memory locations or in excess of 100, depending on model ...

5. M COMMERCE ~ SECURITY PAYS OFF
Providing secure payments and protecting the privacy of an individual’s personal data is critical to the growth of mobile ecommerce, also known as m-commerce. M-commerce may someday provide a true alternative to cash and make purchasing items as easy as hitting a few keys on the keypad of your Wireless Internet device. One of the most important issues to overcome in the area of m-commerce is fraud. It’s easy enough to prove payment in the physical world—cash works well and credit cards have sophisticated prot...

6. TRENDS IN NEXT GENERATION MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS
Shortly after cellular first launched, third-party entrepreneurs began offering modems for cellular data transmission. These modems resemble the standard analog modems circa 1985. They transmitted data at 300 baud, used a special cellular protocol called MNP-10, and an AT command set. MNP-10 made these modems different from regular modems because they had to be fault-tolerant to cellular hand-offs and the in-band signaling tones used in analog cellular. One such modem was created by a Dallas, Texas company, Spectrum Cellular, th...

7. MULTIMEDIA MESSAGING MMS
One of the Wireless Internet technologies is Multimedia Messaging (MMS). MMS is an application that uses a data call to a wireless device that delivers a message capable of incorporating any of the following in an organized and choreographed presentation: •   Pictures •   Data •   Text •   Audio •   Video •   Voice Whereas SMS messaging typically uses a digital control channel, MMS is on...

8. Cellular and PCS based Technologies
Cellular and PCS telephones will be the predominant mobile communications technologies for the foreseeable future. This does not mean to imply that cellular is superior to other technologies, only that it is more prevalent. With nearly 1 billion users worldwide, there is no close second. These mobile technologies are currently facing a major evolution in many areas, however, including the technical and business sectors, because they provide the economical means for realization of not only mobile computing, but also many other applicat...

9. CELLULAR DATA MODEM TECHNOLOGIES
Today’s cellular technology offers several different methods for data communications—an internal modem with built-in browser, an internal modem with an external port for connection (typically RS-232 or infrared (IR) to computer, or internal SMS messaging. Modems fall into two categories: CDPD or traffic channel. CDPD offers true packet data communications at 19.2 Kbps whereas modems using the traffic channels are limited to the maximum rate for a traffic channel ( 14.4 Kbps, depending on the standard). Future 2.5G...

10. COMPUTING POWER IN MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS
Computing power can mean many things depending on where the term is applied. The computing power of today’s cellular handset is much greater than just ten years ago. The mobile phones of the 1980s used 8-bit microcontrollers with very little  memory. A typical phone operated with  6 Kb of RAM (scratchpad memory) and 32 Kb of ROM (program memory). That was fine, because AMPS was an analog communications system based on FM and the data rate was low because all data requires a modem to convert digital data to ana...