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   <a href="http://e-articles.info/e/a/title/About-Punjab/">About Punjab</a>
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1. Barriers at the Frontiers of Science
Government intervention is being felt throughout the economy, from basic manufacturing to the most sophisticated telecommunications services. Nowhere is the effect stronger than at the frontiers of science and technology, where a host of new discoveries and developments is confounding existing regulations and rendering old ways of doing business irrelevant. Competing technical standards are on the rise and new ethical quandaries seem to be popping up everywhere, giving rise to increasingly complex regulatory issu...

2. Possible Scenarios of Regulation and Activism in the Context of Globalization
How regulatory patterns unfold in the future will be determined by how corporations respond to the new dynamics of regulation and activism emerging today. Companies already manage a diverse array of constituents, including governments, nongovernmental organizations, consumers, and the public, in addition to their own shareholders. As such, value-building companies that find creative ways to address broad social concerns and cooperate with interest groups may be better positioned for future success than those with...

3. Managing Water Scarcity
Dealing with water scarcity will require several actors and multiple solutions. One recommendation is to apply the market-based approach used with other commodities. An eight-ounce glass of water can be refilled for 2500 times less than the cost of a can of soft drink. Under these conditions, consumers have little incentive to conserve. A 1998 survey by the American Water Works Association indicates that 33 percent of the 60,000 public water systems in the United States encourage waste by offering volume discount...

4. Neighbourhood Management: Taking Involvement Further
The basis for the emphasis on community involvement must be that of effectiveness rather than sentimentality. At present local community interests are represented though Local Strategic Partnerships which draw together local public, voluntary and business sectors and take decisions about priorities and funding for neighbourhood renewal (such as the use of the Neighbourhood Renewal Fund). However, there are differences in the effectiveness of such groups nationally and in the balance of power held by the different representativ...

5. Rapid change in neighbourhoods and communities
Growth Management is a technique most associated with the tourism industry, however it is clear that it is relevant to areas of fast growth in other environments where there is dynamic change. We are keen to employ our knowledge and skills to assist you in using GMP in your organisation, with your communities. As more tourism resorts have appreciated the need to manage the balance between tourists and local people, so new management techniques were needed which reflected a greater respect for the role of local communities in ...

6. Cities; culture and regeneration
There is now a growing realisation that the look and feel of a place is critically important to its development and regeneration. There has been a proliferation of cultural projects in the last few decades, increasing in number and magnitude. This has been accompanied by the increasing importance of symbols such as the award of ‘European Capital of Culture’ or the Olympics. By differentiating themselves from each other by the presence of large cultural projects, cities such as Barcelona, Frankfurt and Birmi...

7. Social Insecurity
Without question, the greatest challenges confronting countries with graying populations are the escalating costs of funding pensions and providing affordable healthcare. Most social security systems throughout the developed world operate on a pay-as-you-go basis—a system of transfers whereby workers support retirees by paying out a percentage of their earnings in the form of payroll taxes. The system was perfectly suited to the demographic patterns of the previous century, when growing populations, large f...

8. The Myth of the Global Consumer
If there was ever a golden age in which mass marketing was all companies needed to reach homogenous markets and predictable consumers, it is long gone. Traditional brand management systems, pioneered by Procter & Gamble, were very successful in the 1950s and 1960s. Theodore Levitt, emeritus professor at the Harvard Business School, pushed the idea of the virtues of mass marketing to new heights in his famous 1983 article, “The Globalization of Markets.” In it, he wrote: “Different cultural pr...

9. Water Scarcity: A Lesson in Trickle Down Economics
Since water covers more than 70 percent of the Earth’s surface, we can perhaps be forgiven for taking it for granted. Yet fresh, drinkable water comprises only 2.5 percent of our total supply, and nearly 80 percent of that drinkable water is locked away in the polar ice caps and glaciers. Groundwater represents another 20 percent, which means that only 1 percent of fresh water (or 0.000008 percent of the Earth’s total water supply) is easily accessible. Water is a unique substance. It is essenti...